膨化预处理玉米秸秆的还原糖酶解工艺

应用膨化技术对玉米秸秆进行预处理.在单因素实验基础上,以还原糖转化率为影响值设计正交实验,研究温度、pH、液固比、酶浓度及酶解时间五因素对纤维素酶解过程的影响.得出玉米秸秆糖化酶解最佳工艺条件为:温度48℃,pH 4.5,液固比8:1,酶浓度36.0 U/g,酶解时间25 h；在此工艺条件下还原糖转化率达到28.98％.扫描电镜表征对比观察可看出,膨化后玉米秸秆纤维素酶解充分；结合红外光谱对各组分特征基团分析表明,膨化后的玉米秸秆酶解的纤维素基团特征峰变化更为明显.     

Removal of formaldehyde over MnxCe1-xO2 catalysts: Thermal catalytic oxidation versus ozone catalytic oxidation

MnxCe1- xO2（x： 0.3–0.9） prepared by Pechini method was used as a catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde（HCHO）. At x = 0.3 and 0.5, most of the manganese was incorporated in the fluorite structure of Ce O2 to form a solid solution. The catalytic activity was best at x = 0.5, at which the temperature of 100% removal rate is the lowest（270°C）. The temperature for 100% removal of HCHO oxidation is reduced by approximately 40°C by loading 5 wt.% Cu Oxinto Mn0.5Ce0.5O2. With ozone catalytic oxidation, HCHO（61 ppm） in gas stream was completely oxidized by adding 506 ppm O3 over Mn0.5Ce0.5O2 catalyst with a GHSV（gas hourly space velocity） of 10,000 hr-1at 25°C. The effect of the molar ratio of O3 to HCHO was also investigated. As O3/HCHO ratio was increased from 3 to 8, the removal efficiency of HCHO was increased from 83.3% to 100%. With O3/HCHO ratio of 8, the mineralization efficiency of HCHO to CO2 was 86.1%. At 25°C, the p-type oxide semiconductor（Mn0.5Ce0.5O2） exhibited an excellent ozone decomposition efficiency of 99.2%,which significantly exceeded that of n-type oxide semiconductors such as Ti O2, which had a low ozone decomposition efficiency（9.81%）. At a GHSV of 10,000 hr-1, [O3]/[HCHO] = 3 and temperature of 25°C, a high HCHO removal efficiency（≥ 81.2%） was maintained throughout the durability test of 80 hr, indicating the long-term stability of the catalyst for HCHO removal.     

CH4 emission and conversion from A2O and SBR processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants

Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process(A2O) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4emissions. CH4can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4emission flux and the dissolved CH4concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52%(mean: 67.96%) in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31%(mean: 47.62%) in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4 /(person·year) for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4 /(person·year) for the SBR process.     

专科高校图书馆档案管理必要性与可行性探讨

专科高校图书馆档案管理可促使图书馆建设与管理规范化,可为图书馆评估考察、总结研究、建设与发展奠定基础.图书馆档案管理已有法制基础,又有计算机技术提供便利,以及人才和经费的增加,因此是可行的.     

加强环境保护经济手段研究

环境污染和生态破坏在一些地区已经成为危害人民健康,制约经济发展和社会稳定的一个重要因素.应用经济手段是实现环境质量改善和有效持续利用资源的重要途径.研究和探索环境保护的经济手段,借鉴发达国家的经验,实施新型环境保护管理模式,实现环境保护和经济发展"双赢",实现可持续发展战略.     

生态文明对图书管理的影响及对策措施

生态文明是社会主义文明的组成部分之一,是社会文明发展的新阶段.生态文明使有关图书的重要性更加突出,数量激增,涉及的范围更加广泛,类型更加复杂多样.因此,图书管理应以生态文明为指导,为生态文明建设服务,采取高度重视,调整、增加分类,开设专柜、专室,及时向读者提供有关信息等措施.     

VB在电子阅览室管理中的应用

对计算机开发工具Visual basic（简称VB）在电子阅览室中的应用作了简单介绍，包括局域网内的通信与控制，数据库的使用以及Word打印排版等方面的使用。     

残留农膜对土壤性状的影响

残留农膜对土壤性状具有重要影响,如破坏土壤结构、危害作物正常生长发育并造成农作物减产,进而影响到农业环境.通过对临沂市义唐镇农膜残留量不同地块的土壤性状进行对比分析,得出,随着土壤中农膜残留量的增加,土壤团聚体含量、抗蚀指数、团聚度、土壤有机质含量、N、P、K含量、土壤微生物量均表现出下降的趋势,且CK与DK3间差异达到了显著水平(p<0.05),而土壤分散率并没有表现出相同趋势.这种规律在表层土壤(0～20 cm)表现的更为明显.     

宜兴市城市污水处理厂的水污染特征分析

根据对宜兴市污染源分析,结合当地10座污水处理厂的实际调查,在现阶段排放标准下,利用等标污染负荷法评价出污水厂出水的污染特征;同时,对各污水厂进行污染程度排序,筛选出主要污染源区域及其主要污染物。对比分析表明,污水厂出水一级A标准个别指标超过地表水V类水质标准多倍,其出水入河仍对水环境污染负荷有一定影响;就宜兴污水处理厂而言,等标污染负荷分析表明,宜兴清源污水处理厂为主要污染源,出水污染物中TP和COD为其主要污染物。     

黄土高原次生林演替过程土壤有机碳库及其化学组成响应特征

为探明黄土高原次生林演替过程中土壤有机碳库及其化学组成演化特征,选取陕北黄土高原黄龙山林区次生林演替初级阶段(山杨林)、过渡阶段(山杨、辽东栎混交林)和顶级阶段(辽东栎林)样地为研究对象,分析不同土层深度(0～10、 10～20、 20～30、 30～50和50～100 cm)土壤有机碳含量、储量和化学组成变化特征.结果表明：(1)土壤有机碳含量和储量随次生林演替过程显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有机碳含量随土层深度增加显著降低,土壤有机碳储量从初级阶段的64.8Mg·hm^-2增加至顶级阶段的129.2Mg·hm^-2,增加了99%.(2)次生林演替过程中,表层(0～30 cm)土壤有机碳中结构简单、相对易分解的脂肪族碳组分相对含量减少,结构复杂、相对难分解的芳香族碳组分相对含量增加,表明表层土壤有机碳化学组成稳定性随次生林演替过程显著提高,而深层(30～100cm)土壤有机碳化学组成稳定性表现为先增加后降低,即过渡阶段>顶级阶段>初级阶段.(3)次生林演替过程中,初级阶段和过渡阶段土壤有机碳化学组成稳定性随土层深度增加显著增...